System for ventilating passenger-cars.



, PATENTED DEC. 10', 1907. N. s. MERGER. SYSTEM FOR VENTILATINGPASSENGER CARS.

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N. s. MERGER- SYSTEM FOR VBNTILATING PASSENGER CARS. APPLIOATION FILEDSEPT. 29, 1906.

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No. 873,153.- PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

N. s. MERGER: SYSTEM FOR VBNTILATING PASSENGER CARS APPLICATION FILEDSEPT. 29, 1906.

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PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

N. S. MERGER. SYSTEM FOR VENTILATING PASSENGER CARS.-

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1906.

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PATENT or riona NELSON S. MERGER, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

SYSTEM FOR VENTILA'IING PASSENGER-CARS.

Specification of Letters-Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Application filed September 29. 1906. Serial No. 336,682.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NELsoN S. MERCER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Omaha, in the county of Douglas and State of Nebraska, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for VentilatingPassenger-Cars, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in systems for ventilatingpassenger cars of the class where air is forced or drawn through thecar.

The object of the invention is to provide a more simple and economicalmeans for the ventilation of railway passenger cars than heretoforeshown, which will also be appli cable to street cars, as well ascompartment cars.

Another object is to provide for an equal distribution of air of normaltemperature or of heated air to all parts of the car, the air beingmoved imperceptibly so that it permeates all parts of the car.

The invention has reference to the screening of sand, coal dust orcinders from air for passenger cars and to introduce a means forindividual control, of ventilation so far as compartment or sleepingcars are concerned, within the compartment or berth.

With these and other objects in view the invention presents a novelconstruction and arrangement of parts as fully disclosed herein and asshown by the drawings wherein,

Figure 1 represents a vertical elevation of a part of a car, employingmy invention, being an interior view with broken-away portions to showconstruction, the figure illustrating the employment of a single air-Fig. 2 is a detail relating to Fig. 1 with broken-away portions to showvertical branches or wall pipes connecting with exhaust pipes. Fig. 3 isa detail relating to Fig. 1 showing the lengthwise extending in closingpipe. Fig. 4. is a detail of Fig. 3 showing the inclosing pipe insection. Figs. 5 and 6 relate to Fig. 2 to illustrate a means for manualcontrol of the ventilating wallpipe. Fig. 7 represents a vertical endview of the body of a car partly in section with broken-away portionstoshow the vertically extending conducting pipes. Fig. 8 represents aportion of a lengthwise extending ventilating pipe with side branchesbeing a detail of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detail of Fig. 8 being a plan-viewof the ventilating pipe, with top cover removed to show construction.Fig. 10 is a side view representing a fragment of car floor in section,relative position of car axles, and an exhaust pipe showing adaptationfor employment of a double exhaust fan. Fig. 11 represents a plan viewof a double exhaust fan and exhaust-pipes connected therewith.- Fig. 12is a detail of Fig. 11, being a broken-away view to show valves. Fig. 13is a detail relating to Fig. 7 and represents a plan-view of the ceilingof a car, showing ventilating ports'and, by broken lines showing therelative position of the ventilating pipe which appears in Figs. 8 and9. Fig. 14 is a representation of my invention showing adaptability forits use upon street cars, this view being a vertical side-view of astreet-oar, the pipes being shown by brokenaway lines. Fig. 15 is adetail of Fig. 14 bea plan view of a portion of the roof showingmounting of the leaves. Fig. 16 is a detail relating to Fig. 14 showingarrangement of the pipes, exhaust pipes and inlets to the exhaust pipes,and Fig. 17 is a detail, partly in section, relating to Fig. 16 whichwillbe fully explained hereinafter. Fig. 18 represents an arrangement ofthe vertical conducting pipes upon the front ends of a street car andthe lengthwise extending inclosing pipes; also showing adaptability forthe employment of a single exhaust fan, this being an end view, partlyin section, showing the interior of the car from the rear-end. Fig. 19is a detail relating to Fig. 14 showing the vertical and lateralconducting pipes at the rear end of the car. Fig. 20 is a plan view ofthe ventilating pipe, the top cover being removed to show construction,being a similar view to that shown by Fig. 9, and introduced toillustrate adaptability for use upon street cars. Fig. 21 is a plan-viewof the ceiling of a street car showing ventilating ports. Fig. 2 is adetail relating to Fig. 1, showing gauze or netting mounted at theintake or deck window of a passenger car. Figs. 23 and 24 are detailsrelating to Fig. 1 showing employment of one or more screens, inconnection with the vertical conducting pipe. Fig. 25 is a sectionalview representing a plurality of heating pipes within an inclosing pipe.Fig. 26 is intended to show inclination of the leaves or blades of adouble exhaust fan.

Methods have heretofore been shown, the intention being to furnish meansfor ex hausting superheated or foul air from passenger cars and variousexhaust fans have been invented for this purpose. The construction shownherein is for complete control of the intake of air, and its managementuntil drawn out of the car, the travel of the heated air in cold weatherbeing through the same pipes, and its expulsion the same as during awarm season. It is intended by this invention to furnish air free fromdust or impurities to all portions of the car without requiring theopening of windows at any season and in a manner so that there is noconsiderable draft of air in the car. The aim of the invention is toavoid expensive construction, which has been a feature of formerconstructors, and to furnish an effective and simple arrangement ofparts.

I construct an intake pipe 1 (F ig. 1) supported in any suitable mannerupon the inner wall 2 of each side 3 (Fig. 7) of a passenger car 4; theintake pipe being .provided with a suitably enlarged head 5 and makingface contact with a deck windowframe 6 (Fig. 22); this deck-Window frameis provided preferably with wire gauze 7, so that cinders or sand maysubstantially, be excluded; the intake pipe 1 asses down ward and iscontinued lengthwise of the car as an inclosing pipe 8 and envelops thelengthwise extending heating pipe 9 of the car (Figs. 1, 3 and 1) in amanner so that an open space 10 (Fig. 4) is preserved, and I provide aseries of openings 11 formed in the wall of the inclosing pipe adaptedto make a closure upon the transversely extending pipes 12 of the car;the inclosing pipe at the opposite end of the car passes upward as aconducting pipe 13 (Figs. 1 and 7) and terminates at the rear end of thecar beneath the roof 14 (Fig. 7). It will be understood that each sideof the car is similarly provided with this pipe construction so that airpasses into the car upon either or both sides within the pipes and theterminal ends 13 (Fig. 7) of the conducting pipe connect with theventilating pipe 15 (F igs.,8 and 9) which extends beneath the roof theentire length, practically, of thecar; the ventilating pipe may form apart of the ceiling of the car, and is provided with a series ofsuitablyspaced openings 16 upon the lower face, these openings providinga means for the air to pass from the ventilating pipe 15 within the car,and I employ any suitable fan as represented by the numeral 17 adaptedto propel the air in the direction indicated by the arrow. (Fig. 9.)Electric motors are now quite generally in use which are reliable,economical and convenient, and fans are used and driven by these motors;it is thought that a particular description there fore, of theconstruction of the motor or fan employed, is not required. Theventilator box is constructed with outer walls 18 and an inner partition19 the later extend ing a part only of the length of the ventilator pipe, dividing this pipe into two receptacles having open spaces 20 and 21adjacent to the fan 17, this construction being for the purpose ofcausing an equal distribution of the air which passes through the pipesheretofore described. I employ preferably one or more screens 2 slidablymounted in an enlarged portion 23 of the vertical conducting pipe 13 forthe purpose of collecting any sand or dust which might escape screen 7,the enlarged part 23 being pro vided with the door 24, and screens 22may be used or omitted according to the existing conditions or season,the door being adapted to make a suitable closure of o ening 25.

From the description thus given it will be noted that air is taken intothe car from a point where there is the least dust, and is made pure byscreening, is conveniently heated and is distributed in an even mannerfrom the ceiling, so that no draft is created; by the presentconstruction only a portion of the heat is utilized; the invention showsthe con trol of a part of the heat from the laterally extending heatingpipes generally found. on

all cars, electrically heated, or where heated by other means.

Foul air is removed from the car by means now to be explained, and Iprovide the longitudinally disposed exhaust pipe 26 (Figs. 1 2 7 and 10)attached in any suitable manner beneath floor 27 of the car andconstruct therefrom branches, as the horizontally disposed arms 28 andthe vertically disposed arms 29 (Figs. 2 and 7.) and the verticallyformed Wall pipes 30 (Figs. 2 and 7.); pipes 29 terminate at ventilators31 conveniently formed upon the vertical face of seats 32, and pipes 30terminate at ventilators 33 (Figs. 2, 5 and 6.); ventilators 33 arepositioned within convenient reach of the occupant of a car, and may becontrolled by the individual passenger, since the face of ventilator 33is provided with the rotatable closing half-disk 34. adapted to inclosethe Wire gauze 35 by rotating the knob 36, the blank half-disk 37 beingrigid in its mounting, or any other device may be employed for thispurpose which permits the occupant of a compartment to exercise acontrol of ventilation.

I employ the exhaust fan 38 mounted beneath the car, and by means ofband 39 power may be economically derived from the axle 40 of car wheel41, or, if preferred, the exhaust fan may be propelled by means of anelectric motor (not shown), the former power, however, is preferred; andit will be understood that air will be withdrawn. throughconnecting-pipe 42 (Fig. 1.) from exhaust pipe 26, and from branches 28and tiated air is withdrawn from the car; a forced withdrawal of air isan aid to the intake of air, and the custom of maintaining open windowsis considered quite unnecessary when this'invention is employed, and, asis apparent, the objectionable intake of cinders and dust through 0 enwindows may be avoided; the function 0 individual control of ventilationas shown by the invention will be readily understood and appreciated byoccupants of a sleeping car or compartment-cars since the condition ofthe air may be regulated.

In tourist and certain other cars, stoves are used for heating purposesand the pipe 43 is connected with the pipe 44 of the stove, and sincepipe 43 is connected with exhaust pipe 26 the draft of the stove may beincreased.

I employ the double exhaust fan indicated by the numerals 45 and 45shown in Fig. 11, and construct the angularly disposed and horizontallyextending exit pipe-arms in pairs as pipe-arms 46 and 46, and 47 and 47;and mount valves 48 and 49 rotatably at 50 upon walls 51 of pipes 47 and47, and employ stop-lugs 52 contactibly adjacent to the valves, theupwardly extending pipe 42 being employed to connect pipes 47 and 47with pipe 26. The double exhaust fan is a very perfect and quiteinexpensive device, now generally in use and this double fan may beconstructed with the mechanism reversed,that is to say the inclinationof leaves 64 of one fan may be disposed parallel with the leaves 64 ofthe other fan as indi cated by Fig. 26, so that a movement of pulley 53continued in one direction will cause fans 45 and 45 to move air inopposite directions. Since in the operation of railways,

cars are often made to travel backwards, this construction is ofimportance in connection with the invention so that an exhaust of foulair within the car may be continued regardless of a forward or backwardtravel of a car, and it will be understood that when the car is movingin one direction, as forwardly, air in pipes 46 and 47 (Fig. 11.) willbe exhausted and will pass through arm 46 in the direction indicated bythe arrow, and that this movement will open valve 49 and close valve 48,and the device is operative to exhaust air from the car by reason ofthis arrangement of valves and stop-lugs together with the inclinationmentioned of the leaves of each fan; and it is obvious that when the carmoves backward, air within pipe-arms 46 and 47 will pass in thedirection of the arrow, since the leaves of each fan have a similarinclination, and an exhaust of air in the direction last indicated willcause valve 48 to remain open and will close valve 49 against stop-lug52, and thereby thedevice is operative so that whether moving forward orbackward the ventilation of the car is in progress.

of the car, if considered necessary.

tending lengthwise of a railway'car for the purpose of inclosing theheating pipe but it is obvious that by enlarging the inclosing pipe, agreater number of heating-pipes could be inclosed as shown by Figs. 18and 25 I believe the best results are to be obtained by allowing aportion of the floor pipes to remain uncovered and operative to heat thefloor of the car.

I employ upon street cars vertically disposed intake pipes 1 in thefront part of the car body (Figs. 1 and 18.) and horizontally disposedinclosing pipes 8 at the sides 3 (Figs. 14, 18 and 19.) which incloselengthwise extending heating-pipes 9, and upwardly extendingconducting-pipes 13 leading to the terminal ends 13 beneath the deck ofthe street car,the construction being not dissimilar to that alreadyshown and described; beneath the roof of the street car and extendingsubstantially the entire length of the car is the ventilator box 15(Fig. 20.) having a partition 19 extending a part of its length betweenthe outer walls 18 whereby two longitudinal receptacles are formed, eachreceptacle having open spaces 20 and 21 adacent to the fan 17 and havingthe series of ports 16. For all purposes of the invention theventilating ports or openings 16 of ceiling 54 shown in Fig. 21 may beconsidered the lower covering of ventilating pipes 15,

the apertures 16 corresponding in location to the ports 16 and by thisconstruction air taken within the intake-pipes 1 may have a continuouspassage within the pipes as described and may be heated and distributedwithin the car.

The fan 17 may be dispensed with upon swift moving cars by employingleaves 55 inclinedly disposed and preferably rotatable as at 56, andresiliently mounted as by the spring 57, vertically mounted at the sidesof the deck 58 at the front end of the car adj a- 'air will be driventhrough the car and ventilation effected without the aid of fan 17; the

opening or closing of leaves 55 may be controlled by means of a leverfrom the inside Since street cars are moved forwardly in nearly allcases, leaves 55 mounted upon the outside of the car affords aneconomical means for directing the current of air for ventilation.

The usefulness of the invention when employed for street cars isapparent, as in I have shown one inclosing pipe only, exi the car asingle exhaust fan 38 is employed and attached to the car below thefloor in any suitable manner so that it has a rigid seating upon thecar, and by means of the band 39, rotation of the exhaust fan may beimparted from the axle 40 of the car and by means of lateral branches 60and longitudinal exhaust pipes 61, and upwardly extending pipes 62provided with the series of floor ventilators 63 (Fig. 17), a continuousconduit is provided for the passage and expulsion of foul air from thecar.

Having thus fully explained my invention, what I claim as new is,

1. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwiseextending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicatingintake portions, of a ventilating duct in communication with saidlengthwise extending air pipes and having longitudinal outer walls,apartition disposed between the outer walls ofsaid ventilating duct andmaking a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outerwalls to form an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the lengthof said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections withapertures communicating with the interior of the car.

2. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with longitudinalair pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicating intakeportions, of a ventilating duct disposed adjacent and above the ceilingof the car and having a communication with said longitudinal air pipesand provided with longitudinal outer walls; a partition disposed betweenthe outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with andinter mediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form separateventilating sections with apertures in substantial alinementcommunicating with the interior of the car, and mechanism within saidventilating duct for causing a movement of air in the direction of saidapertures within said separate ventilating sections.

3. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination of inclosing-pipesdisposed. longitudinally within the car to occupy planes above the carfloor and below the car seats, and provided with intake pipes extendedto communicate exteriorly of the car; heatingpipes extending within theinclosing-pipes and having transverse pipe-sections traversing the wallsof the inclosing-pipes; a ventilating duct in communication with saidinclosing-pipes and having longitudinal outer walls, a partitiondisposed. between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making aclosure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls toform an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the length of saidventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections withapertures communicating with the interior of the car.

4. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination of inclosing-pipesdisposed longitudinally within the car to occupy planes above the carfloor and below the car seats, and provided with intake pipes extendedto communicate exteriorly of the car; heatingpipes extending within theinclosing-pipes and having transverse pipe-sections traversing the wallsof the inclosing-pipes; a ventilating duct disposed adjacent and abovethe ceiling of the car and having a communication with saidinclosing-pipes and provided with longitudinal outer walls; a partitiondisposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and. making aclosure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls toform separate ventilating sections with apertures in substantialalinement communicating with the interior of the car and mechanismwithin said ventilating duct for causing a movement of air in thedirection of said apertures within said separate ventilating sections.

5. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust pipescommunicating with the interior of the car, rotatable exhaust fansdisposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes,of inclosing-pipes disposed longitudinally with in the car to occupyplanes above the car floor and below the car seats and provided withintake pipes extended to communicate exteriorly of the car;heating-pipes extending within the inclosing-pipes and having transversepipe-sections traversing the walls of the inclosing-pipes, and an upperlongitudinally-extending ventilating duct in communication with saidinclosing-pipes and having apertures in communication with the interiorof the car.

6. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust ipescommunicating with the interior of t e car, rotatable exhaust fansdisposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes,of lengthwise extending air pipes within the car and having exteriorlycommunicating intake portions; a ventilating duct in communication withsaid lengthwise extending air pipes and having longitudinal outer Walls,a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating ductand making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outerwalls to form an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the lengthof said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections withapertures communicating with the interior of the car.

7. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust ipescommunicating with the interior of t e car, rotatable exhaust fansdisposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes,of inclosing-pipes disposed longitudinally within the car to occupyplanes above the lating duct disposed adjacent and above the ceiling ofthe car and having a communication with said inclosing-pipes andprovided with longitudinal outer walls; a partition disposed between theouter walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with andintermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form separateventilating sections with apertures in substantial alinementcommunicating with the interior of the car; and mechanism within saidventilating duct for causing a movement of air in the direction of saidapertures within said separate ventilating sections.

8. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwiseextending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly' communicatingintake portions, of vertical air-conducting pipes in communication withsaid lengthwise extending air pipes, enlarged portions formed upon andintermediate the ends of said vertical air conducting pipes and eachprovided with a closure, slidable screens transversely disposed totraverse said enlarged portions of said vertical air conducting pipes;an upper longitudinally extending ventilating duct in communication withsaid vertical air conducting pipes and having exit ports incommunication with the interior of the car; a central longi tudinalexhaust pipe having transverse exhaust ducts communicating with theinterior of the car, and means to remove the air from said centrallongitudinal exhaust pipe.

9. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwiseextending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicatingintake portions, of vertical air-conducting pipes in communication withsaid lengthwise extending air pipes; enlarged portions formed upon andintermediate the ends of said vertical air conducting pipes and eachprovided with a closure, slidable screens transversely disposed totraverse said enlarged portions of said vertical air conducting pipes; aventilating duct in communication with said vertical air conductingpipes, and having longitudinal outer walls, a partition disposed betweenthe outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with andintermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form an airconducting chamber extending a part of the length of said ventilatingduct and to form separate ventilating sections with aperturescommunicating with the interior of the car.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

NELSON S. MERCER.

itnesses L. L. STEWART, MYRON D. JoNEs.

